Free medical education to all

 The doctrine about nuclear shift of neutrophils was proposed by (Arneth, 1905) on the basis of studies of blood at various infections and,  especially at TB. After complex calculations, Arneth discovered a pattern in the nucleus of neutrophils.  Blood of a healthy individual contains: – 5% of neutrophils with Non-segmented  nucleus (Class I); – 35% neutrophils with nucleus composed  of 2 connected segments (Class II); – 41% neutrophils with nucleus composed  of 3 connected segments (Class III); – 17% neutrophils with nucleus composed  of 4 connected segments (Class IV); – 2% neutrophils with nucleus composed of  5 connected segments (Class VI). During infection, the number of multisegmented neutrophils decreases. The proportion of 2-3 segmented nuclei and non-segmented nuclei (being relatively young cells) increases. According to Arneth’s scheme, the number of non-segmented neutrophils is written  on the left (class I), then class II and the...

 China and Malaysia are on track for elimination of malaria by 2020. China has reported zero indigenous cases for 3 consecutive years (since 2017) and Malaysia has reported zero indigenous human malaria cases since 2018. However, Malaysia is facing increasing cases of zoonotic malaria due to P. knowlesi, which increased from 1600 cases to over 4000 between 2016 and 2018. P. knowlesi cases have slightly declined (to 3213 cases), but resulted in 12 deaths in 2018–2019. The Republic of Korea continues to face the challenge of malaria transmission